Historical Evidence

Archaeological Sources

The Dancing Girl

A masterpiece of early metallurgy, this bronze figurine was created using the lost-wax casting technique and depicts a young woman in a confident, stylized pose.

The Bearded Man

A soapstone bust from Mohenjo-daro, notable for its detailed trefoil patterned robe and calm, meditative expression.

Vases

Many vases were found as remains, some even with food, and other things which were used in Barter Trading.

Statues of gods

We got many aesthetic figures of gods showing the art of people of Indus Valley Civilization.

Literary Sources

The Script

The logo-syllabic script found on seals is our primary literary source, containing over 400 unique signs.

Decipherment

Since the script is not yet translated, our "literary" understanding is limited to patterns rather than specific stories.

Mesopotamian Records

Sumerian texts refer to a land called 'Meluhya' (Indus), providing external written evidence of their trade power.

Trade Seals

Short inscriptions on trade seals likely represent names, titles, or quantities, serving as administrative records.